citation #1

http://www.shef.ac.uk/content/1/c6/10/39/12/7woolley.pdf

Social exclusion has developed as a term to refer to individuals within society who are
excluded due to poverty or other economic factors. This paper discusses the fact that of
the under-represented user of urban open spaces _ women, people from an ethnic
minority background, disabled people, older people and younger people _ young people,
and in particular teenagers are often perceived of as a problem in the urban context.
This is particularly the case for skateboarders. In the USA skateboarders are
increasingly being banned from city centres which have not been designed or are not
managed for them _ they are increasingly being expected to skate in purpose built skate
parks. This trend has spread to the UK where, particularly in some of the northern
towns, skateboarding as an activity is being outlawed. Over a 13 year period
skateboarders in the City of Sheffield, in particular, have been moved on from one
favourite location to another. Does the skateboard provided for them satisfy their needs
a n d make t h e m f e e l s o c i a l l y i n c l u d e d o r n o t ?
Initially the term ‘social exclusion’ was used in France to describe people ‘who had
slipped through the social insurance system, with the result that they were being
‘administratively excluded by the state’ (Burchardt, Le Grand and Piachaud, 1999). As
the term ‘social exclusion’ was adopted across the European continent during the late
1990’s it was increasingly used to describe people at an economic disadvantage and

i used this site, because it showed me from another skater's point of view how serious this situation is. he used specific dates showing what the government had done to get to this point on banning. the author also says, what will happen if skateboarders don't fight back. we could lose everything that has to do with skateboarding. we can't give up now, because if we quit now. because it means the ones who have kept skateboarding alive this long, will mean they did all that work of keeping it alive for nothing. i don't know about the other skaters,but i love skating and sometimes it's the only thing that keeps me going. i will fight to i get what i deserve, because im not giving up that early, i just hope there are more people out there like me and are willing to fight.
This site shows when this ban had started, and how the importance on my topic has increased throughout the years. The author arranged the events of what happened to keep skate boarding alive by the dates they happened. This is way more serious than just banning skateboarding, this is banning of several social activities. This had started in the United Kingdom and gradually made it to America in 1987. The term for this banning, is called social exclusion. Social exclusion applied for streets, parks, and communities; I chose this site, because I was shocked how big this issue really is, and how long this has been going on.